A survey of diseases and disorders in oil palms of. The two countries account for about 85 per cent of the. The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in southeast asia. Pdf the exponential growth of human population has led to an increase of the. A new variety of oil palm developed using traditional plant breeding techniques will increase crude palm oil yields by up to double current levels, says smart tbk, a subsidiary of goldenagri resources gar. Agrochemicals, estate, fresh fruit bunch, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, oil palm, palm kernels, palm oil, pests. Palm oil production is vital for the economy of malaysia, which is the worlds second largest. Following the evaluation of the first cycle breeding populations, five deli duraand , eight african tenera dura. Like most other crops, oil palm is infected by several pathogens. Palm oil breeds newest crop of billionaires in kenya. Seminar on oil palm breeding yesterday, today and tomorrow disclaimer. Genetic diversity in oil palm genotypes by multivariate analysis. Palm oil is an important asset for the producing countries. Although it is planted on only 5% of the total world vegetable oil acreage, palm oil accounts for 33% of.
A strategy for effective breeding of elite oil palm families is outlined. The company was created through a malaysian government initiated merger in. In the nature, the seeds have a relative dormancy leading to very long germination process 1 to 3. Pdf oil palm breeding and seed production in palmelit. Growth and production of oil palm willy verheye, national science foundation flanders and geography department, university of gent, belgium keywords. The fresh fruit bunches with longer stalk are displayed with the length ranging in between 3050 cm. The objectives of oil palm breeding for sustainability include breeding for high yield intensification abdullah and sulaiman, 20, resistance to diseases, oil quality high levels of unsaturated fatty acids through the use of e. A key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm, elaeis guineensis, was loss of the thick coconutlike shell surrounding the kernel. Data collection data on yield and yield components were evaluated from 1982 1986. The oil yield from wild groves is presently less than 0.
Pdf oil palm breeding and seed production in africa. Bunch yield of interspecific hybrids of american oil palm with oil. A new aspect of genetic diversity of indonesian oil palm elaeis. Abstract breeding the oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq. Jul 24, 20 oil palm is the most productive oil bearing crop. Integrating animal production with oil palm plantations should take into account all the available resources, i. Cultivation of the oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq. Breeding and selection, cloning and genetic engineering, oil palm, oil yield, sustainable. Harvesting of oil palm usually begins at 36 months after. On the basis of elaeis guineensis breeding work involving different countries, the breeding scheme is outlined in its economic, botanic and genetic context and the principal results notably from the first 2 selection cycles justifying the choice of reciprocal recurrent selection are shown under the following headings. World bank to finance oil palm industry provided much the impetus for accelerated growth. Breeding and genetics of the oil palm sciencedirect. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia an assessment based on a case study in sabah state awang ali bema dayang norwana rejani kunjappan melissa chin. Although it is planted on only 5% of the total world vegetable oil acreage, palm oil accounts for 33% of vegetable oil and 45% of edible oil.
The symptoms become apparent as the seed germinates. The oil palm is seen as the main instrument for socioeconomic development, particularly for the rural areas in malaysia and indonesia but. Genetic diversity in oil palm genotypes by multivariate. Neighborjoining method regroups two african popula tions which are known as. Oil palm natural diversity and the potential for yield. Began in late 2012 with the acquisition of 100,000 hectares escalated in 2014, expanded by more than 4000 hectares sago metroxylon sagu producing sago starch 5,811 tons in 2014 distributed to domestic consumption and 20% were. Once the low quality fruits have been sorted from the good fruits, the bad ones are disposed while the good ones move to the next stage. A task force on oil palm was established in drafting this standard. It favors rural employment and is a crop that smallholder farmers can grow easily, often lifting people out of poverty in rural regions. New oil palm materials were introduced at nifor in view of enlarging the genetic base of parents of the second selection cycle. Oil palm industry performance 2016 and prospects for 2017 pdf. Largescale plantations are being established in southeast asian countries such as malaysia and indonesia. The pisifera palm is usually femalesterile but the tenera yields far more.
We will highlight here the main aspects of breeding practices, such as objectives and technical choices, which have an influence on the sustainability of oil palm. Aug 15, 20 a key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm, elaeis guineensis, was loss of the thick coconutlike shell surrounding the kernel. By 2005, the impact of oil palm breeding on oil palm plantations sustainability has been questioned cochard et al. Growth and production of oil palm ghent university. Oil palm, variability, bunch yield, fresh fruit, breeding, nifor. The oil palm elaeis guineensis is the highest oilyielding crop and has the potential to become the major supplier of both edible oil and renewable industrial feedstock.
Fatty acid composition of palm oil and fractions palm oil palm ole ne palm stearine 20% fatty acid c14. The oil palm, being a crosspollinated perennial tree crop, has adapted breeding methodologies developed in maize e. The oil palm shell gene controls oil yield and encodes a. Long term deterioration in soil structure and fertility may result from compaction, particularly with mechanisation and from changes in soil ph especially in acid sulphate soils. Lower endogenous lipase activity is therefore desirable for better quality oil. It is a major oil producing plant of the world, with an oil yield. Palm oil processing is not as easy as oil extraction from other oil bearing materials. This characteristic will be included into new oil palm breeding lines. Breeding and genetics of the oil palm 2012 palm oil. Two types of vegetable oil are extracted from the palm fruit on commercial scale. It also includes several topics related to oil palm genomics, tissue culture and genetic engineering of oil palm.
Genetic background of three commercial oil palm breeding. Production of crude palm oil cpo and palm kernel 20 3. African oil palm has the highest productivity amongst cultivated oleaginous crops. Much of the controversy is about clearing natural forests and peatlands to make way for oil palm plantations, which has generated widespread negative publicity. Oil palm cultivars are currently developed using conventional breeding and selection which normally takes 1015 years per cycle. Palm oil comprises mainly triacylglycerols tag that account for about 095 of its composition. Given that breeding can manage genetic variability in the development of superior varieties, it is an ideal means for producing highperforming oil palms. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia an assessment based on a case study in sabah state awang ali bema dayang norwana world wide fund for nature wwfmalaysia rejani kunjappan world wide fund for nature wwfmalaysia melissa chin world wide fund for nature wwfmalaysia george schoneveld university utrecht lesley potter. Journal of botanical sciences using monomorphic microsatellite markers in oil palm elaeisguineensis jacq. Secondly, the forages in the interrows can be consumed by ruminants. Breeding strategies and genetic resources for oil palm improvement are discussed with a focus on malaysia. In the cross pollinated crop like oil palm exploitation of heterosis is the main objective to develop high. Indonesia is the worlds largest palm oil producer, with its oil palm plantation covering more than 16.
Recommendations on good agricultural practices for oil palm are aimed to provide growers to practice every step of production processes starting from cultivation to transportation of oil palm bunches to collection center ramp or mill and to ensure good quality and safe oil palm bunches produce suitable for production of palm oil. A strategy for the breeding of elite families of oil palm. Aar is different from the others as the plant breeder uses dumpy dura e206 with its short palm features and psifera s27b with high fresh fruit bunch production for plant breeding. Biotechnological efforts at the palm oil institute of malaysia are directed toward the production of oil with high iv and high monounsaturated fatty acids for edible purposes and industrial uses. I visited the oil palm fields to view the oil palm and other exhibits. The american oil palm elaeis oleifera which also produces an oil in smaller quantities consumed by the natives and is of interest in breeding because of some of its desirable attributes, however, is endemic to tropical latin america stretching from mexico in the north to the amazonas of bolivia, brazil, colombia and peru in the south and. Typically, light brown spots develop on the elongating radical as it emerges through the micropyle and these lesions merge to produce a solid discoloration of its tip. Oil palm production areas in thailand total approximately 625,600 ha and of these about 528,400 ha are in the south chavananand, 2011. This triggered an outcry from the environmental sector.
As the oil palm is a very productive world average of 35 thayr of palm oil compared to less than 1 thayr of others oil world annual 2007 and profitable crop with versatile uses from its oils, its areas are expected to increase further. Oil palm genome sequence reveals divergence of interfertile. Asds oil palm breeding program and its contributions to. To increase the genetic variability in a breeding program, more parental stocks should be made available bakoume and louise, 2007. Growth and production of oil palm encyclopedia of life. Lipolysis of tag releases free fatty acids that are then oxidized, impairing oil quality. Screening of wild oil palm elaeis guineensis germplasm for lipase activity. Opportunities and challenges 18,512 views zero discharge treatment technology of palm oil mill effluent 12,740 views correlation of microspore nuclear development with male inflorescence morphology in elaeis oleifera, elaeis guineensis and the oxg hybrid 9,616 views.
However, through breeding and selection, the oil yield of commercial plantations could reach as much as 8 thay. The advancement of oil palm breeding applied agricultural. The supply chain of the palm oil industry in malaysia 4. Malaysian oil palm breeders have contributed much to the science of oil palm breeding by publishing papers in areas of breeding methods, best linear unbiased prediction blup, experimental designs, genotype x environment gxe interaction, molecular breeding and disease tolerance. Oil palm is the top oil crop and the only major crop and only oil crop not to have been improved by plant mutation breeding. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia.
Ma 2012 genetic performance and general combining ability of oil palm deli. Jul 30, 2018 the announcements of breakthroughs in plant regeneration from tissue cultures of oil palm in the 1970s ushered in a new chapter in oil palm genetic improvement with projected yield increase of clones exceeding 30% over hybrid seeds. The crude palm oil and kernel palm oil have different fatty acid profiles. Assessment of genetic diversity of nifor oil palm main.
Deli is the name of a place while avros is the name of a research station in indonesia. The aim s of oil palm breeding in afr ica are to maximise palm oil and ker nel yield, to reduce vertical gro wth to extend t he p lant eco nomic life, to select f or tolerance to drought to enable. Sustainable oil palm breeding with molecular support. This is a practical guide to mutation breeding in oil palm, representing completely novel work supported by the plant breeding and genetics section of the joint faoiaea division vienna, austria. Table 5 general combining ability gca ratings for bunch yield components of parents of the. Improvement of palm oil through breeding and biotechnology. Introduction the african oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq. The prospected oil palm breeding materials were planted using eight cubic lattice design on september, 1975 and identified as trial 0. The production of palm oil has doubled in 10 years since 1995. Production, processing, characterization, and uses serves as a rich source of information on the production, processing, characterization and utilization of palm oil and its components. Author information applied agricultural resources sdn bhd, locked bag 212, sg buloh post office, 47000 sg buloh, selangor, malaysia.
Possibly the main strength of asds breeding program is its ample collection of e. The occurrence of unexpected fruit forms is a certain indication of problems. Mar 27, 2015 african oil palm has the highest productivity amongst cultivated oleaginous crops. The entire process starts with sorting of the fruits as soon as they arrive in the palm oil processing plant. Ii growth and production of oil palm willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systemseolss of trees appearing to be oil palms as early as 1434.
Arianto explained that the target could be reached if there were enough feedstock and land, and one of the ways to meet the requirement was by producing feedstock from palm oil waste. Diseases associated with oil palm in south thailand seed diseases brown germ. A survey of diseases and disorders in oil palms of southern. For the manufacture of biodiesel, many natural oil resources can be used, and palm oil and palm kernel oil obtained from the oil palm are seen as promising raw materials.
Oil palm, breeding, disease resistance, sustainability. Species can constitute a single crop capable to fulfill the growing global demand for vegetable oils, which is estimated to reach 240 million tons by 2050. Frontiers oil palm natural diversity and the potential for. In the cross pollinated crop like oil palm exploitation of heterosis is the main objective to develop high yielding hybrids kumar and singh, 2006. The above traits could be improved through breeding and biotechnology. New oil palms promise highest crude palm oil yields in.
Aa hybrida 2 will be produced in the near future as an improved product. This malaysian standard is intended to be used in certification schemes to recognise and certify farms which adopt good agricultural practice gap for oil palm in malaysia. Chemical constituents of the different anatomical parts of. The government and the international society for oil palm breeders shall not be liable for any loss or damage caused by the usage of any information obtained from this site. So far, deli dura mother palm and avros pisifera father palm are used for plant breeding. Classic original water crackers, palm is the major oil or the only oil. Averaged over all txt crosses, in four trials with between 1500 and 2500 palms each, the illegitimacy proportion of. Welcome to mpobs journal of oil palm research website. Palm oil growing ties up more than 42 million acres worldwide, with indonesia being the largest producer of palm oil, followed by malaysia. Integrated animal production in the oil palm plantation. In 1508 already reference has been made to palm groves in liberia, and to palm oil trade near the forcados river in nigeria. Currently, the united states is a small market for mostly malaysian palm oil compared to china, india, and the european union. Effects of low temperature and drought on the physiological and growth changes in oil palm seedlings hongxing cao1, chengxu sun1, hongbo shao2,3 and xintao lei1 1coconut research institute, chinese academy of tropical agricultural sciences.